| 新烟碱类杀虫剂在苹果果实不同部位中的残留 |
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投稿时间：2019-01-10
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| 引用本文：卢海博,魏东,龚学臣,等.新烟碱类杀虫剂在苹果果实不同部位中的残留[J].农药学学报,2019,21(4):500-505. |
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| 基金项目:河北省教育厅项目（QN2016264） |
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| 中文摘要:为了明确噻虫嗪、烯啶虫胺、吡虫啉、啶虫脒、噻虫胺和呋虫胺6种新烟碱类杀虫剂在苹果果实不同部位中的迁移转化规律，以10年生红富士苹果树为试材，分别于蚜虫发生期（7月10日）和果实采收前1 d（9月25日）通过整株喷雾施药，随机取样，采用高效液相色谱仪测定，外标法定量，分析各杀虫剂在生长期套袋果实和不套袋果实及储藏期果实不同部位中的残留量及迁移规律。结果表明：在果实套袋情况下，施药后72 h内果实不同部位各新烟碱类杀虫剂的含量均呈现先逐渐上升而后下降的趋势，且在果皮中的残留量最低（均低于0.08 mg/kg），其中烯啶虫胺和吡虫啉在果皮中的残留量低于最低检测浓度，而在果柄和果肉中的残留量明显高于果皮中的，表明套袋果实中药剂主要来源于枝叶运输，经果柄进入果实后易向果肉累积；在果实未套袋情况下，施药后72 h 6种杀虫剂在果肉中的含量均高于套袋果实果肉中的，分别是套袋果实果肉中含量的7.75、3.52、3.36、6.57、2.92和3.06倍，表明套袋可有效降低果实中该类药剂的残留量。储藏试验结果表明：直接向果面喷施6种新烟碱类杀虫剂后，药剂主要存在于果皮中，施药后14和21 d在果肉中的含量均低于最低检测浓度，表明储藏期果皮为该类药剂的主要残留部位，且不易向果肉中转移。 |
| 中文关键词:新烟碱类杀虫剂 苹果 套袋果实 残留 迁移转化 噻虫嗪 烯啶虫胺 吡虫啉 |
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| Residues of neonicotinoids insecticides in different parts of apple fruits |
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| Abstract:To investigate the transformation of neonicotinoids insecticides(thiamethoxam, nitenpyram, imidacloprid, acetamiprid, clothianidin, dinotefuran)in different parts of apple fruits, the selected 10 years old apple trees were sprayed with 6 neonicotinoids insecticides on leaves during the period of the aphid outbreak (July 10th) and the maturation stage before harvest 1 d (September 25th), respectively. The residues and characteristics of 6 neonicotinoids insecticides distribution in different tissues of bagged apple, non-bagged apple and fruits in storage were analyzed by HPLC and external standard method. The results showed that contents of the 6 neonicotinoids insecticides in different tissues of the fruits tended to increase first and the decrease gradually in 72 h after the spraying under the fruit bagged condition. The residues in apple peel were all lower than 0.08 mg/kg, while the residues in pulp and carpopodium were significantly higher than that in the peel. The residues of nitenpyram and imidacloprid in peel were lower than the quantity limit. The results indicated that the neonicotinoids insecticides in bagged fruits derived from the transportation in the branches and leaves, and it went into the fruits via the carpopodium and tended to accumulate in the pulp. 72 h after the spraying, the neonicotinoids insecticide contents in the pulp of then on-bagged fruits was 7.75, 3.52, 3.36, 6.57, 2.92 and 3.06 times higher than those of the bagged fruits, respectively. The fruits bagging could lower down the neonicotinoids insecticide residues in the fruits significantly. After spraying on the fruits at the maturation stage before harvest, the residues were mainly in apple peel. 14 d and 21d after spraying, there was no residue detected in apple pulp. The neonicotinoids insecticide residues mainly remained in the peel, which did not tend to diffuse to the pulp during storage. |
| Key words:neonicotinoids apple bagged fruit residue transformation thiamethoxam nitenpyram imidacloprid |
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