四种新烟碱类杀虫剂对蜜蜂的急性毒性及初级风险评估
投稿时间：2015-03-10   修订日期：2015-05-11   点此下载全文 HTML
引用本文：吴迟,姜辉,王长宾,等.四种新烟碱类杀虫剂对蜜蜂的急性毒性及初级风险评估[J].农药学学报,2015,17(4):486-491.
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作者单位E-mail
吴迟 湖南农业大学 植物保护学院, 长沙 410128
北京依科世福科技有限公司, 北京 100096 		 
姜辉 农业部 农药检定所, 北京 100125  
王长宾 北京依科世福科技有限公司, 北京 100096  
张燕 农业部 农药检定所, 北京 100125  
陈昂 湖南省植物保护研究所, 长沙 410125  
崔馨月 湖南农业大学 植物保护学院, 长沙 410128  
何明远 北京依科世福科技有限公司, 北京 100096 hnhmy@126.com 
基金项目:青年科学基金项目(31301689).
中文摘要:采用饲喂管法和点滴法,分别测定了吡虫啉、噻虫嗪、噻虫胺、啶虫脒4种原药及其制剂对意大利蜜蜂成年工蜂的急性毒性,并采用危害商值(HQ)法进行了初级风险评价。结果表明:饲喂管法测得97.3%吡虫啉原药、25%吡虫啉可湿性粉剂、96%噻虫嗪原药、30%噻虫嗪悬浮剂、97%噻虫胺原药、5%噻虫胺可湿性粉剂、96%啶虫脒原药及40%啶虫脒可溶性粉剂的经口毒性48 h-LD50值分别为有效成分8.04×10-3、9.46×10-3、7.04×10-3、4.64×10-3、11.8×10-3、5.25×10-3、5.22和6.31 μ g/蜂;点滴法测得各药剂的接触毒性48 h-LD50值分别为有效成分2.46×10-2、1.33×10-2、3.63×10-2、9.27×10-3、1.52×10-2、2.21×10-2、5.82和5.07 μ g/蜂。按《化学农药环境安全评价试验准则》的毒性等级划分标准,啶虫脒原药及其可溶性粉剂对蜜蜂的急性毒性均为中等毒,其他6种药剂对蜜蜂的急性毒性均为高毒;根据危害商值(HQ),啶虫脒对蜜蜂为低风险,吡虫啉、噻虫嗪和噻虫胺对蜜蜂均存在高风险。
中文关键词:新烟碱类杀虫剂  蜜蜂  急性毒性  风险评价
 
Acute toxicity and first tier risk assessment of four neonicotinoid insecticides to honeybees
Abstract:The acute toxicities of 4 neonicotinoid insecticides (technical materials and formulations) including imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, clothianidin and acetamiprid to Apis mellifera adult worker honey bees were determined by ‘oral-feeding tube’ and topical application methods, and the first tier risk assessment was carried out by using a parameter of hazard quotients (HQ).The results showed that the oral toxicity 48 h-LD50 values of 97.3% imidacloprid technical, 25% imidacloprid WP, 96% thiamethoxam technical, 30% thiamethoxam SC, 97% clothianidin technical, 5% clothianidin WP, 96% acetamiprid technical, 40% acetamiprid SP to honeybees were 8.04×10-3, 9.46×10-3, 7.04×10-3, 4.64×10-3, 11.8×10-3, 5.25×10-3, 5.22, 6.31 μ g a.i./bee, respectively, and the acute contact toxicity 48 h-LD50 values were 2.46×10-2, 1.33×10-2, 3.63×10-2, 9.27×10-3, 1.52×10-2, 2.21×10-2, 5.82, 5.07 μ g a.i./bee, respectively. According to the toxicity criteria of 'Test Guidelines on Environmental Safety Assessment for Chemical Pesticides', acetamiprid technical and acetamiprid SP had moderate acute toxicity, while the other 6 insecticides tested had high acute toxicity to honeybees. According to the HQ values the risk of acetamiprid to honeybees could be considered as low, while that of thiamethoxam, clothianidin and imidacloprid were high.
Key words:neonicotinoid insecticide  honeybee  acute toxicity  risk assessment
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